“Herd-like Landforms (Gyugun Tikei)” in Tokyo

نویسندگان

چکیده

1961年に東京都昭島市,JR 八高線の鉄橋の下の多摩川河床で,アキシマクジラ(Eschrichtius akishimaensis)の化石が発見された.化石は上総層群小宮層(平山層に相当)から産出したもので,前期更新世に少なくとも2つの系統のコククジラ属が生き残っていたことを示唆するという.産出地点の下流に目を向けると,河流に平行する高さ2 m程度の島状の地形が多数発達している.島と島の間の溝は,下流に向かって細長く続く.水位が上昇すれば,島々がまるで牛の群れが泳いでいるように見えることから,小泉(1996)はこれを「牛群地形」と呼んだ.多摩川では,明治時代頃から1968年まで,河床の砂利が盛んに採取された.青梅市から狛江市の間では,採掘箇所は104か所(1963年度末)にも及んだらしい.砂利の採取が引き金となって,おもに半固結の砂層からなる小宮層が露出し,徐々に水流が縦溝を刻み,世界的にも類例の少ない写真の地形が形成された.牛群地形は失われつつある地形で,化石のように残らない,人新世(Anthropocene)の一コマといえる.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Geography

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['0022-135X', '1884-0884']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.131.cover04_01